The surname Fiorini was first found in Pistoia, when a Fioravante was a member of the government council in the city.

A variety of distinguished and notable names have emerged from the beautiful and historical Italian region of Tuscany, including the notable surname Fiorini. During the Middle Ages, as populations grew and travel between regions became more frequent, the people of Tuscany, who were originally known only by a single name, found it necessary to adopt a second name to identify themselves and their families. This process of adopting fixed hereditary surnames in Italy began in the 10th and 11th centuries, but it was not completed until the modern era. The development of Italian hereditary surnames followed general principles and were characterized by derivatives from one's given name. The patronymic surname, which is derived from the father's given name, was one of the most common name types found in the region of Tuscany. This system of name-making was widely used because it linked well with the existing Feudal System and during the Christian era, many people named their children after saints and biblical figures. The surname Fiorini came from the personal name "Fiore," which is derived from the Latin "flos floris," which means "flower blossom."

Families began migrating abroad in enormous numbers because of the political and religious discontent in England. Often faced with persecution and starvation in England, the possibilities of the New World attracted many English people. Although the ocean trips took many lives, those who did get to North America were instrumental in building the necessary groundwork for what would become new and powerful nations.

Notables of this surname at this time include:

• Alfred J. Fiorini, American Republican politician, Candidate in primary for U.S. Senator from Ohio, 1926
• Ettore Fiorini (1933-2023), Italian experimental particle physicist, professor of nuclear and subnuclear physics at the University of Milano-Bicocca
• Esterina Olga Fiorini (1927-2022), Italian businesswoman and educator who founded the homonym professional school in Busto Arsizio (Province of Varese)
• Leopoldo "Lando" Fiorini (1938-2017), Italian actor and singer
• Gustavo Fiorini (b. 1919), Italian professional football player
• Ippolito Fiorini (1549-1621), Italian composer and lutenist
• Giuseppe Fiorini (1861-1934), Italian musical instrument maker
• Raffaele Fiorini (1828-1898), influential Italian violin maker
• Matteo Fiorini (b. 1978), Sammarinese politician